从“河”而来！世界大河文明上演“文物对对碰”

　　顶端新闻记者 赵珮岐 文 刘皓文 视觉

　　水是文明的载体，与文明的缔造和发展息息相关。世界最著名的大江大河都是孕育人类文明的“摇篮”。 华夏文明、印度河文明、尼罗河文明、两河文明......世界上许多古文明都是依河发源，在河流湿地的滋养下诞生并繁衍壮大的。

　　9月16日至18日，2023世界大河文明论坛(中国·郑州)将在河南省郑州市举办。论坛以"文明交流互鉴·发展共创未来"为主题，旨在充分弘扬黄河文化，进一步提升中华文化影响力，加强世界文明交流互鉴，推动构建人类命运共同体。

　　河南日报社顶端新闻、河南国际传播中心特别推出《从“河”而来(Civilizations of Great Rivers )》系列双语海报，看世界古文明在中原大地跨时空同框。

　　一起来跟着这组海报，沿着各大河流感受人类古文明印记！

　　↓↓↓

　　楔形文字起源于两河流域，是已知最早的书写系统，最初是为书写美索不达米亚南部的苏美尔语而发明的。

　　Cuneiform originated from Mesopotamia. It is the earliest known writing system and was originally developed to write the Sumerian language of southern Mesopotamia.

　　甲骨文起源于黄河流域，是刻在甲骨上的一种古老的汉字形式。它是迄今为止中国发现的年代最早的成熟文字系统。

　　Oracle bone script originated from the Yellow River basin. Itis an ancient form of Chinese characters that were engraved on oracle bones. It is the earliest known form of Chinese writing.

　　埃及象形文字起源于尼罗河流域，是古埃及用来书写埃及语的正式书写系统。象形文字的使用源于青铜时代早期的原始文字符号系统。

　　Egyptian hieroglyph originated from the Nile basin. It is the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt for writing the Egyptian language. The use of hieroglyphic writing arose from proto-literate symbol systems in the Early Bronze Age.

　　哈拉巴文字起源于印度河流域，在公元前2800年至2600年左右的哈拉巴铭文的陶器铭文和黏土印模上发现。

　　Harappan script originated from the Indus basin. Early examples of the Indus script have been found on pottery inscriptions and clay impressions of inscribed Harappan seals dating to around 2800–2600 BCE.

　　盖尔·安德森猫是一尊古埃及猫雕像，可追溯到晚期(约公元前664–332年)。它是青铜做的，上面有金色的装饰。

　　The Gayer-Anderson Cat is an ancient Egyptian statue of a cat, which dates from the Late Period (around 664–332 BC). It is made of bronze, with gold ornaments.

　　商“亚长”牛牺尊可以追溯到公元前1300年—公元前1046年，是殷墟发现的唯一一件牛形青铜尊。

　　Yazhang buffalo-shaped Zun can be traced back to 1300 BC to 1046 BC and is the only buffalo-shaped bronze statue discovered in the Yin Ruins (Capital Site of the Later Shang Dynasty). Zun is a wine container.

　　起源于印度河流域的哈拉帕文明拥有极高的制陶水平，遗址中发现了世界上最早的上釉彩陶。

　　The Harappan civilization,originating from the Indus basin, had a very high level of pottery making. The earliest glazed pottery in the world has been discovered on the site.

　　仰韶文化，是指黄河中游地区一种重要的新石器时代彩陶文化，最早在河南省渑池县仰韶村遗址发现。

　　Yangshao culture refers to a significant Neolithic painted pottery culture in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, first discovered at the Yangshao Village site in Mianchi County, Henan Province.

　　库库尔坎金字塔是曾经古玛雅人留下的文明遗址，是玛雅人对其掌握的建筑几何知识的绝妙展示。与其他古文明不同，玛雅文明是丛林文明。

　　The Kukurkan Pyramid is a cultural relic left behind by the ancient Maya people, and a wonderful display of their knowledge of architectural geometry. Unlike other ancient civilizations, the Maya civilization was a jungle civilization.

　　登封观星台是中国现存唯一最古老的天文台，反映了我国古代科学家在天文学上的卓越成就。

　　The Dengfeng Astronomical Observatory is the oldest astronomical observatory in China, reflecting the outstanding achievements of ancient Chinese scientists in astronomy.

　　亚述雕塑是在两河流域的古代亚述国的雕塑。与其他雕塑不同之处在于它在大型雕塑中更多地使用石头和雪花石膏。

　　Assyrian sculpture is the sculpture of the ancient Assyrian states, differing in particular because of its much greater use of stone and gypsum alabaster for large sculpture.

　　东汉三阙是一种特殊的石雕艺术，是中国现存最古老的国家级礼制建筑遗存。阙是建在宫殿门前两边的大型建筑物。

　　The Three Que of the Han Dynasty is a special stone carving art that is the oldest surviving national-level ceremonial architecture in China. Que is a large building built on both sides of the palace gate.

　　埃及黄金面具，是公元前14世纪时的埃及法老图特卡蒙死后所戴面具，黄金面罩装嵌青金石和其他宝石，重达11公斤。

　　The mask of Tutankhamun was worn by the Egyptian pharaoh Tutkamun after his death in the 14th century BC. It was adorned with lapis lazuli and other gemstones, weighing 11 kilograms.

　　这是商文化遗址中首次发现金覆面,也是唯一一个金覆面。这一发现将中国古代大规模使用黄金的历史,从商代晚期提前到了商代早中期。

　　Gold Mask discovered in the Shangcheng Ruins is the first and only gold mask discovered in the Shang cultural site. This discovery advanced the history of large-scale use of gold in ancient China from the late Shang Dynasty to the early and middle periods.

编辑:陈梦伊